源码角度分析Activity启动

Android开发者都知道启动Activity是使用startActivity(),那么它是怎样一个过程呢?

启动流程

startActivity

两种方式,一种Activity自身方法,一种ContextImpl的方法

ContextImpl.startActivity
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@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, Bundle options) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();

// Calling start activity from outside an activity without FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK is
// generally not allowed, except if the caller specifies the task id the activity should
// be launched in.
if ((intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0
&& options != null && ActivityOptions.fromBundle(options).getLaunchTaskId() == -1) {
throw new AndroidRuntimeException(
"Calling startActivity() from outside of an Activity "
+ " context requires the FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK flag."
+ " Is this really what you want?");
}
mMainThread.getInstrumentation().execStartActivity(
getOuterContext(), mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), null,
(Activity) null, intent, -1, options);
}

如果从Activity外部启动,并且没有设置FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK,那么会发生crash
最终调用Instrumentation.execStartActivity

Activity.startActivity
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public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}

从代码中能看出,最终还是调用的startActivityForResult

startActivityForResult

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public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
// If this start is requesting a result, we can avoid making
// the activity visible until the result is received. Setting
// this code during onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) or onResume() will keep the
// activity hidden during this time, to avoid flickering.
// This can only be done when a result is requested because
// that guarantees we will get information back when the
// activity is finished, no matter what happens to it.
mStartedActivity = true;
}

cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
  • 首先包装options以便支持scene动画
  • Instrumentation执行execStartActiviy,并返回一个结果
  • 将结果传给ActivityThread,最后执行动画

Instrumentation.execStartActivity

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public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
if (referrer != null) {
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
}
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am.mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
  • 首先获取ApplicationThread其继承自Binder
  • 如果加入了Activity监控集,会去比对当前的Intent是否已经存在,如果该Activiy正在已经启动,那么本次直接返回
  • 然后交给ActivityManagerNative启动
  • 最后检查返回结果

ActivityManagerNative.startActivity

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public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeString(callingPackage);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
data.writeString(resultWho);
data.writeInt(requestCode);
data.writeInt(startFlags);
if (profilerInfo != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
if (options != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
options.writeToParcel(data, 0);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int result = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
}

获取数据,由ActivityManagerProxy发出START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION命令。经过IPC,进入到ActivityManagerNative

ActivityManagerNative.onTransact

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@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
throws RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION:
{
data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b);
String callingPackage = data.readString();
Intent intent = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
String resolvedType = data.readString();
IBinder resultTo = data.readStrongBinder();
String resultWho = data.readString();
int requestCode = data.readInt();
int startFlags = data.readInt();
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo = data.readInt() != 0
? ProfilerInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data) : null;
Bundle options = data.readInt() != 0
? Bundle.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data) : null;
int result = startActivity(app, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, options);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(result);
return true;
}
...
}

转换数据,调用ActivityManagerServicestartActivity

ActivityManagerService

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public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),
userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null);
}
  • 计算用户id,如果是多用户,那么进程id/每个用户范围(100000),否则直接认为系统是用户

ActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait

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final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, IActivityManager.WaitResult outResult, Configuration config,
Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId,
IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask) {
...
//解析目标Acitvity
ctivityInfo aInfo = mSupervisor.resolveActivity(intent, rInfo, startFlags, profilerInfo);

ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container =
(ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer)iContainer;
synchronized (mService) {
if (container != null && container.mParentActivity != null &&
container.mParentActivity.state != RESUMED) {
// Cannot start a child activity if the parent is not resumed.
return ActivityManager.START_CANCELED;
}
final int realCallingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final int realCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
int callingPid;
if (callingUid >= 0) {
callingPid = -1;
} else if (caller == null) {
callingPid = realCallingPid;
callingUid = realCallingUid;
} else {
callingPid = callingUid = -1;
}

final ActivityStack stack;
if (container == null || container.mStack.isOnHomeDisplay()) {
stack = mSupervisor.mFocusedStack;
} else {
stack = container.mStack;
}
stack.mConfigWillChange = config != null && mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0;
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG_CONFIGURATION,
"Starting activity when config will change = " + stack.mConfigWillChange);

final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

if (aInfo != null &&
(aInfo.applicationInfo.privateFlags
& ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {
...
//带隐私分支
}

final ActivityRecord[] outRecord = new ActivityRecord[1];
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid,
callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, container,
inTask);
...
if (outResult != null) {
outResult.result = res;
//开始成功,进行等待,进入下一个状态
if (res == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
mSupervisor.mWaitingActivityLaunched.add(outResult);
do {
try {
mService.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
} while (outResult.result != START_TASK_TO_FRONT
&& !outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
if (outResult.result == START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
res = START_TASK_TO_FRONT;
}
}
if (res == START_TASK_TO_FRONT) {
ActivityRecord r = stack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (r.nowVisible && r.state == RESUMED) {
outResult.timeout = false;
outResult.who = new ComponentName(r.info.packageName, r.info.name);
outResult.totalTime = 0;
outResult.thisTime = 0;
} else {
outResult.thisTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mSupervisor.mWaitingActivityVisible.add(outResult);
do {
try {
mService.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
} while (!outResult.timeout && outResult.who == null);
}
}
}
}

  • 解析目标Actiivty
  • 获取ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer,如果父activity没有处在RESUME,那么不能启动子activity
  • 设置进程id和用户id
  • 设置ActivityStack,如果没有父activity,设置ActivityStackSupervisor
  • 如果带有隐私标记,那么处理隐私情况
  • 调用startActivityLocked并返回结果,如果启动成功,那么等待。直到满足条件

Activity.startActivityLocked

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final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent,
String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags,
ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container,
TaskRecord inTask) {
...
//检查lanchFlags
final int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();

if ((launchFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0 && sourceRecord != null) {
// Transfer the result target from the source activity to the new
// one being started, including any failures.
if (requestCode >= 0) {
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return ActivityManager.START_FORWARD_AND_REQUEST_CONFLICT;
}
resultRecord = sourceRecord.resultTo;
if (resultRecord != null && !resultRecord.isInStackLocked()) {
resultRecord = null;
}
resultWho = sourceRecord.resultWho;
requestCode = sourceRecord.requestCode;
sourceRecord.resultTo = null;
if (resultRecord != null) {
resultRecord.removeResultsLocked(sourceRecord, resultWho, requestCode);
}
if (sourceRecord.launchedFromUid == callingUid) {
// The new activity is being launched from the same uid as the previous
// activity in the flow, and asking to forward its result back to the
// previous. In this case the activity is serving as a trampoline between
// the two, so we also want to update its launchedFromPackage to be the
// same as the previous activity. Note that this is safe, since we know
// these two packages come from the same uid; the caller could just as
// well have supplied that same package name itself. This specifially
// deals with the case of an intent picker/chooser being launched in the app
// flow to redirect to an activity picked by the user, where we want the final
// activity to consider it to have been launched by the previous app activity.
callingPackage = sourceRecord.launchedFromPackage;
}
}

if (err == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS && intent.getComponent() == null) {
// We couldn't find a class that can handle the given Intent.
// That's the end of that!
err = ActivityManager.START_INTENT_NOT_RESOLVED;
}

if (err == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS && aInfo == null) {
// We couldn't find the specific class specified in the Intent.
// Also the end of the line.
err = ActivityManager.START_CLASS_NOT_FOUND;
}

if (err == ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS && sourceRecord != null
&& sourceRecord.task.voiceSession != null) {
// If this activity is being launched as part of a voice session, we need
// to ensure that it is safe to do so. If the upcoming activity will also
// be part of the voice session, we can only launch it if it has explicitly
// said it supports the VOICE category, or it is a part of the calling app.
if ((launchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0
&& sourceRecord.info.applicationInfo.uid != aInfo.applicationInfo.uid) {
try {
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_VOICE);
if (!AppGlobals.getPackageManager().activitySupportsIntent(
intent.getComponent(), intent, resolvedType)) {
Slog.w(TAG,
"Activity being started in current voice task does not support voice: "
+ intent);
err = ActivityManager.START_NOT_VOICE_COMPATIBLE;
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Failure checking voice capabilities", e);
err = ActivityManager.START_NOT_VOICE_COMPATIBLE;
}
}
}

...
//创建ActivityRecord
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, callerApp, callingUid, callingPackage,
intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration, resultRecord, resultWho,
requestCode, componentSpecified, voiceSession != null, mSupervisor, container,
options, sourceRecord);
...
err = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, startFlags,
true, options, inTask);
...
}

  • 检查launchFlags
  • 创建ActivityRecord

ActivityStarter.startActivityUnchecked

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 private int startActivityUnchecked(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask) {

setInitialState(r, options, inTask, doResume, startFlags, sourceRecord, voiceSession,
voiceInteractor);
//计算flags
computeLaunchingTaskFlags();
...
//获取可复用的Intent
mReusedActivity = getReusableIntentActivity();
//使activity可见
mTargetStack.ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(null, 0, !PRESERVE_WINDOWS);
}
  • 计算launchflags
  • 获取可复用的activity
  • 做了很多复杂的事情,这里不赘述

ActivityStack.ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked

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final void ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(ActivityRecord starting, int configChanges,
boolean preserveWindows) {
...
if (r.app == null || r.app.thread == null) {
if (makeVisibleAndRestartIfNeeded(starting, configChanges, isTop,
resumeNextActivity, r)) {
if (activityNdx >= activities.size()) {
// Record may be removed if its process needs to restart.
activityNdx = activities.size() - 1;
} else {
resumeNextActivity = false;
}
}
}
...
}
  • 如果ProcessRecord为空,或者ApplicationThread为空,那么尝试重启Acitvity

ActivityStack.makeVisibleAndRestartIfNeeded

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private boolean makeVisibleAndRestartIfNeeded(ActivityRecord starting, int configChanges,
boolean isTop, boolean andResume, ActivityRecord r) {
if (r != starting) {
mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(r, andResume, false);
return true;
}
}
  • 如果不是正在启动,则启动特定的Activity

ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked

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void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
...
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
...
}

ActivityStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked

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final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig){
...
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info, new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration),
new Configuration(task.mOverrideConfig), r.compat, r.launchedFromPackage,
task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle, r.persistentState, results,
newIntents, !andResume, mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
}

  • 调用ProcessRecord中的ApplicationThread来启动Actiivty

ApplicationThreadProxy.scheduleLaunchActivity

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public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {

}
  • 通过IPC获取调用scheduleLaunchActivity

ApplicationThreadNative

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public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
...
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
  • 想H Handler主线程发送启动命令

ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity

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private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
//通过反射创建activity
...
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
  • 创建Activity
  • 之后通过Instrumentation开始执行生命周期的方法
  • 至此Acitivity的启动起来了。整个过程相当复杂。为了方便理解,中间省略了很多细节

对于onNewIntent的处理

onNewIntentActivity的一个回调方法,那么在什么情况下会调用呢?在ActivityStack中的navigateUpToLocked中的源码是这样的

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if (parent != null && foundParentInTask) {
final int parentLaunchMode = parent.info.launchMode;
final int destIntentFlags = destIntent.getFlags();
if (parentLaunchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE ||
parentLaunchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK ||
parentLaunchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP ||
(destIntentFlags & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) != 0) {
parent.deliverNewIntentLocked(srec.info.applicationInfo.uid, destIntent,
srec.packageName);
}
...
}
  • 可以看出条件是
    • 当需要启动的Activity已存在,并且launchModeSINGLE_TOP(栈顶是相同的Activity)或者SINGLE_INSTANCE或者SINGLE_TASK

Activity启动时序图

activity_flow